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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rea Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Rea Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3009-4496</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3009-4496</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>Rea Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.22105/masi.v2i4.79</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Superhypergraph,Hypergraph,Foodweb,Foodhyperweb,Foodn-superhyperweb</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Unified Hypergraph- and SuperHyperGraph-Based Framework for Food Web Extension: From Classical Food Webs to SuperHyperWebs in Agricultural and Ecological Systems</article-title><subtitle>A Unified Hypergraph- and SuperHyperGraph-Based Framework for Food Web Extension: From Classical Food Webs to SuperHyperWebs in Agricultural and Ecological Systems</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname> Fujita</surname>
		<given-names>Takaaki </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>IndependentResearcher,Shinjuku,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo,Japan.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2025 Rea Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>A Unified Hypergraph- and SuperHyperGraph-Based Framework for Food Web Extension: From Classical Food Webs to SuperHyperWebs in Agricultural and Ecological Systems</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			Research on the applications of graph theory has also been conducted in areas such as Agricultural and Ecological Systems. Hypergraphs generalize graphs by allowing hyperedges to join any number of vertices, while superhypergraphs further extend this idea by layering iterated powersets to capture hierarchical, self-referential connections. A food web models an ecosystem as a directed graph whose nodes are species and whose edges represent predator–prey interactions. In this paper, we introduce two novel extensions of classical food webs: the Food HyperWeb, which encodes each predator’s entire prey set as a hyperedge, and the Food n-SuperHyperWeb, which embeds multilevel trophic relationships within an n-fold superhypergraph structure. We provide formal definitions, establish their foundational properties, and present illustrative examples demonstrating their effectiveness for agricultural and ecological network analysis. 
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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