University Social Responsibility through the Plan–Do–Check–Act Framework: A Cross-National Sustainable Development Goals Storytelling Case Study

Authors

https://doi.org/10.22105/masi.vi.108

Abstract

This study investigates how University Social Responsibility (USR) can be aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and cross-national collaboration to translate institutional commitments to social responsibility into community-based educational practice. A cross-national, SDG-oriented English storytelling initiative jointly implemented by Ming Chi University of Technology in Taiwan and Universiti Tenaga Nasional in Malaysia was examined as a single case. The study adopted a retrospective qualitative case-study design, with the Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) cycle applied ex post as a process-oriented analytical framework. Data were drawn from project documentation, workshop materials, storytelling resources, activity records, and outcome statistics. The analysis identified evidence corresponding to the Plan phase, including the establishment of the cross-national partnership, selection of SDG-related themes, and planning of service sites; the Do phase, encompassing participant training, story adaptation, and community-based implementation in Taiwan and Malaysia; and the Check phase, which was reflected primarily in documented outputs such as the number of activities conducted, participant reach, cultural diversity, and breadth of SDG theme coverage. In contrast, documentary evidence related to the Act phase was comparatively limited. The integrated analysis further identified cross-national partnership, pre-service training, and the translation of SDG concepts into accessible storytelling content as key enabling mechanisms. At the same time, community reciprocity, systematic outcome assessment, and the feedback mechanism linking Check to Act emerged as areas requiring further development. Overall, the findings indicate that the PDCA cycle provides a useful process-oriented analytical framework for examining the implementation dynamics of cross-national USR initiatives and for identifying gaps in governance, assessment, and continuous improvement.

Keywords:

University social responsibility, Sustainable development goals, PDCA, Cross-national collaboration, English storytelling

References

  1. [1] Jongbloed, B., Enders, J., & Salerno, C. (2008). Higher education and its communities: Interconnections, interdependencies and a research agenda. Higher education, 56, 303–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-008-9128-2

  2. [2] Larrán Jorge, M., & Andrades Peña, F. J. (2017). Analysing the literature on university social responsibility: A review of selected higher education journals. Higher education quarterly, 71(4), 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12122

  3. [3] Ali, M., Mustapha, I., Osman, S., & Hassan, U. (2021). University social responsibility: A review of conceptual evolution and its thematic analysis. Journal of cleaner production, 286, 124931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124931

  4. [4] Symaco, L. P., & Tee, M. Y. (2019). Social responsibility and engagement in higher education: Case of the ASEAN. International journal of educational development, 66, 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.10.001

  5. [5] Leal Filho, W., Shiel, C., Paço, A., Mifsud, M., Avila, L. V., Brandli, L. L., Molthan-Hill, P., Pace, P., Azeiteiro, U. M., Ruiz Vargas, V., & Caeiro, S. (2019). Sustainable development goals and sustainability teaching at universities: Falling behind or getting ahead of the pack? Journal of cleaner production, 232, 285–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.309

  6. [6] Serafini, P. G., De Moura, J. M., De Almeida, M. R., & De Rezende, J. F. D. (2022). Sustainable development goals in higher education institutions: A systematic literature review. Journal of cleaner production, 370, 133473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133473

  7. [7] Barth, M., Adomßent, M., Fischer, D., Richter, S., & Rieckmann, M. (2014). Learning to change universities from within: A service-learning perspective on promoting sustainable consumption in higher education. Journal of cleaner production, 62, 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.04.006

  8. [8] Molderez, I., & Fonseca, E. (2018). The efficacy of real-world experiences and service learning for fostering competences for sustainable development in higher education. Journal of cleaner production, 172, 4397–4410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.062

  9. [9] Kall, A. S., Uhrqvist, O., & Asplund, T. (2024). What’s the matter in education for sustainable development? How sustainability stories make matter matter as issues or problems. Environmental education research, 30(4), 544–559. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2023.2213418

  10. [10] Uhrqvist, O., Carlsson, L., Kall, A. S., & Asplund, T. (2021). Sustainability stories to encounter competences for sustainability. Journal of education for sustainable development, 15(1), 146–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/09734082211005041

  11. [11] Jones, E., Leask, B., Brandenburg, U., & de Wit, H. (2021). Global social responsibility and the internationalisation of higher education for society. Journal of studies in international education, 25(4), 330–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/10283153211031679

  12. [12] Chen, S. H. (2012). The establishment of a quality management system for the higher education industry. Quality & quantity, 46, 1279–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9441-1

  13. [13] Sangpikul, A. (2017). Implementing academic service learning and the PDCA cycle in a marketing course: Contributions to three beneficiaries. Journal of hospitality, leisure, sport & tourism education, 21, 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2017.08.007

  14. [14] Benneworth, P., & Jongbloed, B. W. (2010). Who matters to universities? A stakeholder perspective on humanities, arts and social sciences valorisation. Higher education, 59, 567–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-009-9265-2

  15. [15] Nejati, M., Shafaei, A., Salamzadeh, Y., & Daraei, M. (2011). Corporate social responsibility and universities: A study of top 10 world universities’ websites. African journal of business management, 5(2), 440–447.

  16. [16] Mtawa, N. N., Fongwa, S. N., & Wangenge-Ouma, G. (2016). The scholarship of university-community engagement: Interrogating Boyer’s model. International journal of educational development, 49, 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.01.007

  17. [17] Latif, K. F. (2018). The development and validation of stakeholder-based scale for measuring university social responsibility (USR). Social indicators research, 140, 511–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1794-y

  18. [18] Godonoga, A., & Sporn, B. (2023). The conceptualisation of socially responsible universities in higher education research: A systematic literature review. Studies in higher education, 48(3), 445–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2022.2145462

  19. [19] Barth, M., Godemann, J., Rieckmann, M., & Stoltenberg, U. (2007). Developing key competencies for sustainable development in higher education. International journal of sustainability in higher education, 8(4), 416–430.

  20. [20] Wiek, A., Withycombe, L., & Redman, C. L. (2011). Key competencies in sustainability: A reference framework for academic program development. Sustainability science, 6, 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-011-0132-6

  21. [21] Brundiers, K., Wiek, A., & Redman, C. L. (2010). Real-world learning opportunities in sustainability: From classroom into the real world. International journal of sustainability in higher education, 11(4), 308–324. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676371011077540

  22. [22] Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K., Alonso-Almeida, M., Huisingh, D., Lozano, F. J., Waas, T., Lambrechts, W., Lukman, R., & Hugé, J. (2015). A review of commitment and implementation of sustainable development in higher education: Results from a worldwide survey. Journal of cleaner production, 108, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.048

  23. [23] Lozano, R., Merrill, M. Y., Sammalisto, K., Ceulemans, K., & Lozano, F. J. (2017). Connecting competences and pedagogical approaches for sustainable development in higher education: A literature review and framework proposal. Sustainability, 9(10), 1889. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101889

  24. [24] Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of studies in international education, 8(1), 5–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315303260832

  25. [25] Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of studies in international education, 11(3–4), 290–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315307303542

  26. [26] Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of studies in international education, 10(3), 241–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315306287002

  27. [27] Leask, B. (2009). Using formal and informal curricula to improve interactions between home and international students. Journal of studies in international education, 13(2), 205–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315308329786

  28. [28] Leask, B., & Bridge, C. (2013). Comparing internationalisation of the curriculum in action across disciplines: Theoretical and practical perspectives. Compare: A journal of comparative and international education, 43(1), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2013.746566

  29. [29] Soria, K. M., & Troisi, J. (2014). Internationalization at home alternatives to study abroad: Implications for students’ development of global, international, and intercultural competencies. Journal of studies in international education, 18(3), 261–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315313496572

  30. [30] De Wit, H., & Altbach, P. G. (2021). Internationalization in higher education: Global trends and recommendations for its future. Policy reviews in higher education, 5(1), 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898

  31. [31] Reed, J. E., & Card, A. J. (2016). The problem with plan-do-study-act cycles. BMJ quality & safety, 25(3), 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2015-005076

  32. [32] Taylor, M. J., McNicholas, C., Nicolay, C., Darzi, A., Bell, D., & Reed, J. E. (2014). Systematic review of the application of the plan–do–study–act method to improve quality in healthcare. BMJ quality & safety, 23(4), 290–298. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2013-001862

  33. [33] Seyfried, M., Ansmann, M., & Pohlenz, P. (2019). Institutional isomorphism, entrepreneurship and effectiveness: The adoption and implementation of quality management in teaching and learning in Germany. Tertiary education and management, 25, 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-019-09022-3

  34. [34] Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The qualitative report, 13(4), 544–559.

  35. [35] Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, A., & Sheikh, A. (2011). The case study approach. BMC medical research methodology, 11, 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-100

  36. [36] Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative health research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687

  37. [37] Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013). Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC medical research methodology, 13, 117. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-117

  38. [38] Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for information, 22(2), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-2004-22201

  39. [39] Korstjens, I., & Moser, A. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing. European journal of general practice, 24(1), 120–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375092

  40. [40] Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International journal of qualitative methods, 16, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

Published

2026-08-29

How to Cite

Li, C.-L., Ali, Z., & Chen, S.-C. (2026). University Social Responsibility through the Plan–Do–Check–Act Framework: A Cross-National Sustainable Development Goals Storytelling Case Study. Management Analytics and Social Insights, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.22105/masi.vi.108

Similar Articles

1-10 of 61

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.