Ismail’s Threshold Theory to Master Perplexity AI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22105/kfyyze86Keywords:
Perplexity, AI, ChatGPT, Entropy, Natural language processing, Increasing decreasing test, ThresholdAbstract
Undoubtedly, there is a potential impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT on revolutionizing information retrieval and knowledge discovery, particularly in the context of the vast amount of electronic material available. On another strong note, the current work offers a first time ever mathematical approach to accurately fine- tune perplexity AI, which sets a giant step ahead towards accuracy of the next generations AI. Having started this world- leading discovery, the upper and lower bounds of perplexity AI, namely , respectively, are obtained for the first time.
References
[1] Pimentel, A., Wagener, A., da Silveira, E. F., Picciani, P., Salles, B., Follmer, C., & Oliveira Jr, O. N. (2023). Challenging ChatGPT with chemistry-related subjects. ChemRxiv, 1–13. https://chemrxiv.org/engage/api-gateway/chemrxiv/assets/orp/resource/item/646d22f3b3dd6a65309f5119/original/challenging-chat-gpt-with-chemistry-related-subjects.pdf
[2] Li, X., & Qiu, X. (2023). Mot: Memory-of-thought enables chatgpt to self-improve. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2305.05181. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.05181
[3] Vasilatos, C., Alam, M., Rahwan, T., Zaki, Y., & Maniatakos, M. (2023). Howkgpt: investigating the detection of chatgpt-generated university student homework through context-aware perplexity analysis. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2305.18226.
[4] Mageed, I. A. (2023). Fractal dimension (DF) theory of ismail’s second entropy (HQI) with potential fractal applications to chatgpt, distributed ledger technologies (DLTS) and image processing (IP). 2023 international conference on computer and applications (ICCA) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
[5] Mageed, I. A. (2023). Fractal dimension (DF) of ismail’s fourth entropy (h iv( q, a 1, a 2,.., a k)) with fractal applications to algorithms, haptics, and transportation. 2023 international conference on computer and applications (ICCA) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10401780/
[6] Mageed, I. A., & Zhang, Q. (2022). An information theoretic unified global theory for a stable m/g/1 queue with potential maximum entropy applications to energy works. 2022 global energy conference (GEC) (pp. 300–305). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9986719/
[7] Mageed, I. A., & Bhat, A. H. (2022). Generalized Z-Entropy (Gze) and fractal dimensions. Appl. math, 16(5), 829–834. https://www.academia.edu/download/90028778/160517.pdf
[8] Goto, A., & Katanoda, K. (2023). Should we acknowledge ChatGPT as an author? Journal of epidemiology, 33(7), 333–334.
[9] Alon, G., & Kamfonas, M. (2023). Detecting language model attacks with perplexity. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2308.14132.
[10] Zou, A., Wang, Z., Carlini, N., Nasr, M., Kolter, J. Z., & Fredrikson, M. (2023). Universal and transferable adversarial attacks on aligned language models. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2307.15043.
[11] Lee, N., Bang, Y., Madotto, A., & Fung, P. (2020). Misinformation has high perplexity. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2006.04666.
[12] Vigdor, N. (2020). Man fatally poisons himself while self-medicating for coronavirus, doctor says. The new york times, 24. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/24/us/chloroquine-poisoning-coronavirus.html
[13] Mageed, I. A. (2024). Masterminding the giant: shannonian entropic threshold perplexity AI. Preprints, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.1274.v1
[14] Mageed, I. A., & Zhang, Q. (2023). Threshold theorems for the tsallisian and rényian (TR) cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the Heavy-tailed stable M/G/1 queue with tsallisian and rényian entropic applications to satellite images (SIs). Electronic journal of computer science and information technology, 9(1), 41–47. https://ejcsit.uniten.edu.my/index.php/ejcsit/article/view/161
[15] Gravina, A. G., Pellegrino, R., Palladino, G., Imperio, G., Ventura, A., & Federico, A. (2024). Charting new AI education in gastroenterology: cross-sectional evaluation of ChatGPT and perplexity AI in medical residency exam. Digestive and liver disease, 56(8), 1304–1311. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1590865824003025
[16] Uppalapati, V. K., & Nag, D. S. (2024). A comparative analysis of ai models in complex medical decision-making scenarios: evaluating ChatGPT, Claude AI, bard, and perplexity. Cureus, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.52485
[17] Deike, M. (2024). Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT and perplexity AI in business reference. Journal of business & finance librarianship, 29(2), 125–154. DOI:10.1080/08963568.2024.2317534
[18] Xu, Z., & Sheng, V. S. (2024). Detecting ai-generated code assignments using perplexity of large language models [presentation]. Proceedings of the aaai conference on artificial intelligence (Vol. 38, pp. 23155–23162).
[19] Liu, X., & Kong, L. (2024). AI text detection method based on perplexity features with strided sliding window. Working notes of clef, 3740, 1–6. https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3740/paper-261.pdf
[20] Ankner, Z., Blakeney, C., Sreenivasan, K., Marion, M., Leavitt, M. L., & Paul, M. (2024). Perplexed by perplexity: perplexity-based data pruning with small reference models. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2405.20541. https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.20541
[21] Fitria, T. N. (2024). Using Chatbot-based artificial intelligence (AI) for writing an english essay: the ability of ChatGPT, perplexity AI, and ChatSonic. Journal of language intelligence and culture, 6(2), 103–128. https://jlic.uinkhas.ac.id/index.php/jlic/article/view/139
[22] Mageed, I. A., Zhang, Q., & Modu, B. (2023). The linearity theorem of rényian and tsallisian maximum entropy solutions of the heavy-tailed stable M/G/1 queueing system entailed with potential queueing-theoretic applications to cloud computing and IoT. Electronic journal of computer science and information technology, 9(1), 15–23.
Metrics
